Structure of solar system Miolentek solar

Solar panel system and their purposes:

1. Solar Panels (PV Modules) Purpose: Convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
2. Mounting Structure / Racks Purpose: Securely fix solar panels on rooftops, ground, or poles at the optimal angle for maximum sunlight exposure.
3. Solar Inverter Purpose: Converts the DC electricity generated by the panels into alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used by household appliances or fed into the grid.
4. Junction Box Purpose: Located on the back of each solar panel; houses bypass diodes, protects electrical connections, and provides a safe point for wiring.
5. MC4 Connectors Purpose: Standard waterproof plug-and-socket connectors used to link solar panels together in series or parallel and connect them to the rest of the system.
6. Solar Cables (PV Wire) Purpose: Special UV-resistant, double-insulated cables that carry DC electricity from panels to the inverter with minimal power loss.
7. Combiner Box Purpose: Combines the outputs of multiple strings of panels, includes fuses or circuit breakers for each string, and provides surge protection.
8. Charge Controller (for off-grid/battery systems) Purpose: Regulates voltage and current from the panels to safely charge batteries and prevent overcharging or deep discharge.
9. Battery Bank (for off-grid or hybrid systems) Purpose: Stores excess solar energy for use at night or during cloudy periods.
10. AC/DC Disconnect Switches Purpose: Safety devices that allow the system to be manually isolated for maintenance or emergencies.
11. Monitoring System / Smart Meter Purpose: Tracks real-time energy production, consumption, and system performance (often via Wi-Fi/app).
12. Rapid Shutdown Device (required by code in many regions) Purpose: Quickly reduces voltage in the PV array to safe levels (usually ≤30V within 30 seconds) in case of emergency (fire, etc.) for firefighter safety.

These small components work together to make a complete, safe, and efficient solar power system.